Food_and_Health

=The Geography of Food and Health=



[[image:syllabus.png]]SYLLABUS REQUIREMENTS
Distinguish between malnutrition, temporary hunger, chronic hunger and famine. Discuss the concept of food security. Examine the environmental, demographic, political, social and economic factors that have caused areas of food deficiency and food insecurity. || Examine the concept of food miles as an indicator of environmental impact. Explain the global distribution of diseases of poverty. Evaluate the geographic impacts of these two diseases at the local, national and international scales. Assess the management strategies that have been applied in any one country or region for one of these diseases.
 * =====**1. Health**===== ||
 * ** • variations in health** || Describe the variations in health as reflected by changes in life expectancy at national and global scales since 1950. Explain the patterns and trends in terms of differences in income and lifestyle. ||
 * ** • measuring health** || Evaluate life expectancy, infant mortality rate (IMR) and child mortality, HALE (health-adjusted life expectancy), calorie intake, access to safe water and access to health services as indicators of health. ||
 * ** • prevention relative to treatment** || Discuss the geographic factors that determine the relative emphasis placed by policy-makers, in **one** country or region, on prevention as opposed to treatment of disease.
 * 4 hours ** ||
 * =====**2. Food**===== ||
 * ** • global availability of food** || Identify global patterns of calorie intake as one measure of food availability.
 * 1 hour ** ||
 * ** • areas of food sufficiency and deficiency** || Explain how changes in agricultural systems, scientific and technological innovations, the expansion of the area under agriculture and the growth of agribusiness have increased the availability of food in some areas, starting with the Green Revolution and continuing since.
 * 3 hours **
 * ** • case study** || Analyse the variety of causes responsible for a recent famine.
 * 4 hours ** ||
 * ** • production and markets** || Analyse the impacts at a variety of scales of trade barriers, agricultural subsidies, bilateral and multi-lateral agreements, and TNCs on the production and availability of food.
 * 3 hours ** ||
 * ** • addressing imbalances** || Evaluate the relative importance of food aid, free trade and fair trade in alleviating food shortages.
 * 3 hours ** ||
 * ** • sustainable agriculture** || Explain the concept of sustainable agriculture in terms of energy efficiency ratios and sustainable yields.
 * 2 hours ** ||
 * =====**3. Disease**===== ||
 * ** • global patterns of disease** || Explain the global distribution of diseases of affluence.
 * 2 hours ** ||
 * ** • the spread of disease** || Explain how the geographic concepts of diffusion by relocation and by expansion apply to the spread of diseases. Examine the application of the concept of barriers in attempts to limit the spread of diseases. Describe the factors that have enabled reduction in incidence of a disease.
 * 4 hours ** ||
 * ** • geographic factors and impacts** || Examine the geographic factors responsible for the incidence and spread of **two** diseases.
 * 4 hours ** ||

==**ONLINE RESOURCES** == rss url="http://groups.diigo.com/group/ib-geography-2009-food-and-health/rss" link="true" description="true" number="20" date="true" author="true" enclosure="true"

[[image:skills.png]]GLOSSARY

 * Food miles || A measure of the distance that food travels from its source to the consumer. This can be given either in units of actual distance or of energy consumed during transport. ||
 * HALE || Health adjusted life expectancy, based on life expectancy at birth but including an adjustment for time spent in poor health (due to disease and/or injury). It is the equivalent number of years in full health that a newborn can expect to live, based on current rates of ill health and mortality. ||
 * Transnational corporation (TNC) || A firm that owns or controls productive operations in more than one country through foreign direct investment. ||

[[image:resources.png]]TEXTBOOK RESOURCES

 * =====**1. Health**===== ||
 * ** • variations in health** || Access to Geography Health and Welfare Chapter 2 What geographical factors influence patterns of health and disease? p.13-49 Chapter 3 How does geography explain spatial variations in health and welfare patterns? p.50-76 ||
 * ** • measuring health** ||  ||
 * ** • prevention relative to treatment** ||  ||
 * =====**2. Food**===== ||
 * ** • global availability of food** || Planet Geography Second Edition Chapter 4 Food as a Resource The World Food Situation p.80-86

Geography An Integrated Approach Third Edition Food Supplies p.500-502

Chapter 10 Nutrition, disease and famine in Agriculture and Food by Michael Raw and Peter Atkins p. 128-145 ||
 * ** • areas of food sufficiency and deficiency** || Planet Geography Second Edition Chapter 24 Rice Production The Changing Nature of Rice Cultivation, including the Green Revolution p.646-654 and changeds in Balinese rice farming p.664-666

Geography An Integrated Approach Third Edition What might be done to improve food supplies in developing countries? p. 504-505.

Chapter 11 Some solutions to food problems in Agriculture and Food by Michael Raw and Peter Atkins p. 146-160. ||
 * ** • case study** || Geography An Integrated Approach Third Edition Famine and Food Shortages in Sub Saharan Africa p.502-503

Chapter 10 Nutrition, disease and famine in Agriculture and Food by Michael Raw and Peter Atkins p. 128-145 ||
 * ** • production and markets** || Chapter 8 Transport, markets and agribusiness Unilever a transnational food corporation in Agriculture and Food by Michael Raw and Peter Atkins p. 110-111 ||
 * ** • addressing imbalances** || Chapter 11 Some solutions to food problems food aid in Agriculture and Food by Michael Raw and Peter Atkins p. 149-153. ||
 * ** • sustainable agriculture** || Chapter 3 Managing biological systems sustainable agriculture in Agriculture and Food by Michael Raw and Peter Atkins p. 36-38 ||
 * =====**3. Disease**===== ||
 * ** • global patterns of disease** ||  ||
 * ** • the spread of disease** || Planet Geography Second Edition The Spread of AIDS p. 26-29.

Geography An Integrated Approach Third Edition Health and development, AIDS and HIV p.644-646. ||
 * ** • geographic factors and impacts** || Planet Geography Second Edition The Spread of AIDS p. 26-29.

Access to Geography Health and Welfare Chapter 4 The part played by geography in exploring the impacts of disease p. 77- 108 and Chapter 5 Geography's role in analysising the future challenges to health, welfare and societies p. 109 -150 ||

[[image:resources.png]]ADDITIONAL RESOURCES
Geog Review mag Vol22 No 1. September 2008: Food Security [Submitted by: Ann] 'Fair Trade or food miles' Geography Review Vol 21 No 3 Feb 2008 [Submitted by: Ann]