Urban_Environments

=Urban Environments=



[[image:syllabus.png]]SYLLABUS REQUIREMENTS
Examine patterns of urban poverty and deprivation (such as slums, squatter settlements, areas of low-cost housing and inner-city areas). Analyse the causes and effects of the movement of socio-economic groups since the1980s. Describe the informal sector; its characteristics and location in urban areas. Analyse the causes and effects of the movement of retailing, service and manufacturing activities to new locations, including brownfield sites. • inputs—energy, water, people, materials, products, food (urban agriculture) • outputs—solid, atmospheric and liquid waste, noise, people. Distinguish between a sustainable circular system where inputs are reduced and outputs are recycled and an unsustainable (open/linear) city system with uncontrolled inputs and outputs. • sustainable city management • the urban ecological footprint. • one socially sustainable housing management strategy • one environmentally sustainable pollution management strategy • one strategy to control rapid city growth resulting from in-migration.
 * =====1. **Urban populations**===== ||  ||
 * ** • urbanization** || Define urbanization and explain the variation in global growth rates and patterns. ||  ||
 * ** • inward movement** || Explain the processes of centripetal movements (rural–urban migration, gentrification, re-urbanization /urban renewal). ||  ||
 * ** • outward movement** || Explain the processes of centrifugal movements (suburbanization, counter-urbanization, urban sprawl). ||  ||
 * ** • natural change** || Explain the contribution of natural change to patterns of population density within urban areas. ||  ||
 * ** • the global megacity** || Explain the global increase in the number and location of megacities (population over 10 million).
 * 2 hours ** ||  ||
 * =====2. **Urban land use**===== ||  ||
 * ** • residential areas** || Explain the location of residential areas in relation to wealth, ethnicity and family status (stage in life-cycle).
 * 4 hours ** ||  ||
 * ** • areas of economic activity** || Explain the spatial pattern of economic activity, the zoning of urban and suburban functions and the internal structure of the central business district (CBD).
 * 4 hours ** ||  ||
 * =====3. **Urban Stress**===== ||  ||
 * ** • urban microclimate:** || Examine the effects of structures and human activity on urban microclimates, including the urban heat island effect and air pollution.
 * 4 hours ** ||  ||
 * ** • other types of environmental and social stress** || Analyse the other symptoms of urban stress including congestion, overcrowding and noise, depletion of green space, waste overburden, poor quality housing, social deprivation, crime and inequality.
 * 4 hours ** ||  ||
 * =====4. **The sustainable city**===== ||
 * ** • the city as a system** |||| Describe the city as a system in terms of:
 * 2 hours ** ||
 * ** • case studies** |||| Referring to at least **two** city case studies discuss the concepts of:
 * 4 hours ** ||
 * ** • sustainable strategies** |||| Evaluate **one** case study of **each** of the following:
 * 6 hours ** ||

==**ONLINE RESOURCES** == rss url="http://groups.diigo.com/group/ib-geography-2009-urban-environments/rss" link="true" description="true" number="20" date="true" author="true" enclosure="true"

[[image:skills.png]]GEOGRAPHICAL SKILLS
// measures of concentration and dispersion (including nearest neighbour and location quotients) // //  //// measures of spatial interactions // //  //// measures of diversity //  observations  opinions, values and perceptions

Processing and interpreting  classify data and information  analyse data and information  describe patterns, trends and relationships  make generalizations and identify anomalies  make inferences and predictions  make and justify decisions  draw conclusions  evaluate methodology

[[image:resources.png]]TEXTBOOK RESOURCES

 * < =====1. **Urban populations**===== ||<  ||
 * < Define urbanization and explain the variation in global growth rates and patterns. ||< Urbanisation: Changing Environments Flint and Flint pages 4 to 15.

Changing Environments. Digby pages 233 to 236. 245 to 252 ||<  ||
 * < Explain the processes of centripetal movements (rural–urban migration, gentrification, re-urbanization /urban renewal). ||< Urbanisation: Changing Environments Flint and Flint pages 128 to 129, 64 ||<  ||
 * < Explain the processes of centrifugal movements (suburbanization, counter-urbanization, urban sprawl). ||< Urbanisation: Changing Environments Flint and Flint pages 130 to 133 ||<  ||
 * < Explain the contribution of natural change to patterns of population density within urban areas. ||< Urbanisation: Changing Environments Flint and Flint pages 15. ||<  ||
 * < Explain the global increase in the number and location of megacities (population over 10 million). ||< Urbanisation: Changing Environments Flint and Flint pages 7 and 8 ||<  ||
 * < =====2. **Urban land use**===== ||<  ||
 * < Explain the location of residential areas in relation to wealth, ethnicity and family status (stage in life-cycle).

Examine patterns of urban poverty and deprivation (such as slums, squatter settlements, areas of low-cost housing and inner-city areas).

Analyse the causes and effects of the movement of socio-economic groups since the1980s. ||< Urbanisation: Changing Environments Flint and Flint pages 64 Changing Environments. Digby pages 294 to 307

Urbanisation: Changing Environments Flint and Flint pages 70 to 74

Urbanisation: Changing Environments Flint and Flint pages 64 to 82 ||<  ||
 * < Explain the spatial pattern of economic activity, the zoning of urban and suburban functions and the internal structure of the central business district (CBD).

Describe the informal sector; its characteristics and location in urban areas.

Analyse the causes and effects of the movement of retailing, service and manufacturing activities to new locations, including brownfield sites. ||< Urbanisation: Changing Environments Flint and Flint pages 103 to 107 Changing Environments. Digby pages 253 to 277

Urbanisation: Changing Environments Flint and Flint pages 109 to 110

Urbanisation: Changing Environments Flint and Flint pages 111 to 115 ||<  ||
 * < =====3. **Urban Stress**===== ||<  ||
 * < Examine the effects of structures and human activity on urban microclimates, including the urban heat island effect and air pollution. ||< Urbanisation: Changing Environments Flint and Flint pages 157 to 172

AS Geography. Bowen and Pallister. pages 72 to 79 ||<  || Changing Environments. Digby pages 253 to 277 Changing Environments. Digby pages 294 to 307 ||<  || • inputs—energy, water, people, materials, products, food (urban agriculture) • outputs—solid, atmospheric and liquid waste, noise, people. Distinguish between a sustainable circular system where inputs are reduced and outputs are recycled and an unsustainable (open/linear) city system with uncontrolled inputs and outputs. ||||< Urbanisation: Changing Environments Flint and Flint pages 157 to 172
 * < Analyse the other symptoms of urban stress including congestion, overcrowding and noise, depletion of green space, waste overburden, poor quality housing, social deprivation, crime and inequality. ||< Urbanisation: Changing Environments Flint and Flint pages 157 to 172
 * < =====4. **The sustainable city**===== ||
 * < Describe the city as a system in terms of:

Changing Environments. Digby pages 308 to 318 || • one socially sustainable housing management strategy • one environmentally sustainable pollution management strategy • one strategy to control rapid city growth resulting from in-migration. ||||< Urbanisation: Changing Environments Flint and Flint pages 157 to 172 Changing Environments. Digby pages 253 to 277 Changing Environments. Digby pages 308 318 to 277 ||
 * < Evaluate **one** case study of **each** of the following:
 * < Evaluate **one** case study of **each** of the following: