Oceans_Coastal_Margins

=Oceans and their Coastal Margins=



[[image:syllabus.png]]SYLLABUS REQUIREMENTS

 * =====**1. Introduction to oceans**===== ||
 * • **distribution of oceans** || Describe the distribution of oceans and ocean currents. ||
 * • **morphology of oceans** || Describe the main features of oceanic crust and ocean floor morphology. ||
 * || Explain the occurrence of oceanic volcanic features, trenches, transform faults, mid-ocean ridges and rifts in terms of plate margins. ||
 * • **oceanic water** || Describe the horizontal and vertical spatial variations in the temperature and salinity of ocean water.

Explain the El Niño and La Niña phenomena and their climatic, environmental and economic effects. ||
 * 2 hours** ||
 * =====**2. Oceans and climate**===== ||
 * • **energy transfers** || Explain the thermal transfers of energy within oceans and the importance of oceanic conveyor belts. ||
 * • **El Niño Southern Oscillation (ENSO)** || Explain the atmosphere–oceanic interactions associated with ENSO.
 * • **carbon dioxide** || Examine the role of oceans as a store and source of carbon dioxide (CO2).
 * 4 hours ** ||
 * =====**3. The value of oceans**===== ||
 * • **resource base** || Identify the biotic and abiotic resources of continental shelves, oceans and ocean floor deposits. ||
 * • **fishing** || Examine the spatial and temporal consequences of overfishing. ||
 * • **case study** || Evaluate a case study of a conservation policy implemented to provide sustainable fish yields. ||
 * • **waste** || Describe the sources and distribution of pollution in the oceans.
 * 4 hours **

Discuss the implications of the pollution of oceans by the disposal of radioactive material, oil, and chemical waste.
 * 3 hours ** ||
 * =====**4. Geopolitics of oceans**===== ||
 * || Discuss the sovereignty rights of nations in relation to territorial limits and exclusive economic zones (EEZ).

Examine a geopolitical conflict in relation to an oceanic resource, other than fishing.
 * 3 hours ** ||
 * =====**5. Coastal margins**===== ||
 * • **physical characteristics** || Examine the relationship between coastal processes (tides, wave action, littoral drift, wind action) lithology, subaerial processes and different coastal landforms.

Identify the major landforms of beaches, dunes and cliffs along advancing and retreating coasts. Discuss the management strategies adopted to resolve these pressures and evaluate their effectiveness.
 * 4 hours ** ||
 * • **management strategies** || Discuss the conflicts that arise from competing land uses and from attempts to manage coastal hazards (tsunamis and storm surges, erosion, cliff failure), pollution, habitat restoration and aquaculture. ||
 * • **case study** || Describe the conflicting pressures on a particular coastline.
 * 6 hours ** ||
 * =====**6. Coral reefs and mangroves**===== ||
 * || Examine the development and the environmental and economic value of coral reefs and mangrove swamps.

Analyse the causes and consequences of the loss of coral reefs and mangrove swamps.
 * 4 hours ** ||

==**ONLINE RESOURCES** ==

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Research, process and interpret data and information
Produce written material (including essays, reports and investigations)


 * Oceanic conveyor belts || A global thermohaline circulation, driven by the formation and sinking of deep water and responsible for the large flow of upper ocean water. ||
 * Exclusive economic zone (EEZ) || An area in which a coastal nation has sovereign rights over all the economic resources of the sea, seabed and subsoil, extending up to 200 nautical miles from the coast. ||
 * Advancing coasts || Depositional coasts that are accreting as a consequence of deposition of sediment and/or the infill of coastal marshes. Advancing coasts may also arise from a negative change in sea level (sea level fall or uplift of land). ||
 * Retreating coasts || Coasts along which the dominant processes are erosional, resulting in the coastline moving inland. Retreating coasts may also arise from a positive change in sea level (sea level rise or fall in land level). ||
 * Littoral drift || The movement of sediments along a coast by wave action, also called longshore drift. ||

[[image:resources.png]]TEXTBOOK RESOURCES
Explain the El Niño and La Niña phenomena and their climatic, environmental and economic effects. || Geography - an integrated approah. David Waugh. Pages 250 to 253 ||
 * =====**1. Introduction to oceans**===== ||
 * Describe the distribution of oceans and ocean currents. || Geography - an integrated approah. David Waugh. Pages 130, 210 to 212 ||
 * Describe the main features of oceanic crust and ocean floor morphology. || Geography - an integrated approah. David Waugh. Page 13, 15 and 16, 19 ||
 * Explain the occurrence of oceanic volcanic features, trenches, transform faults, mid-ocean ridges and rifts in terms of plate margins. || Geography - an integrated approah. David Waugh. Page 15 and 16, 19 ||
 * Describe the horizontal and vertical spatial variations in the temperature and salinity of ocean water. ||  ||
 * =====**2. Oceans and climate**===== ||
 * Explain the thermal transfers of energy within oceans and the importance of oceanic conveyor belts. || Geography - an integrated approah. David Waugh. Pages 250 to 253 ||
 * Explain the atmosphere–oceanic interactions associated with ENSO.
 * Examine the role of oceans as a store and source of carbon dioxide (CO2). ||  ||
 * =====**3. The value of oceans**===== ||
 * Identify the biotic and abiotic resources of continental shelves, oceans and ocean floor deposits. ||  ||
 * Examine the spatial and temporal consequences of overfishing. ||  ||
 * Evaluate a case study of a conservation policy implemented to provide sustainable fish yields. || Planet Geography . Codrington pages 66 to 68

A2 Geography. Bowen and Pallister. pages 166 to 169 ||
 * Describe the sources and distribution of pollution in the oceans.

Discuss the implications of the pollution of oceans by the disposal of radioactive material, oil, and chemical waste. ||  ||
 * =====**4. Geopolitics of oceans**===== ||
 * Discuss the sovereignty rights of nations in relation to territorial limits and exclusive economic zones (EEZ).

Examine a geopolitical conflict in relation to an oceanic resource, other than fishing. ||  ||
 * =====**5. Coastal margins**===== ||
 * Examine the relationship between coastal processes (tides, wave action, littoral drift, wind action) lithology, subaerial processes and different coastal landforms.

Identify the major landforms of beaches, dunes and cliffs along advancing and retreating coasts. || Planet Geography. Codrington pages 191 to 216

Landform Systems, Bishop and Prosser Pages 59 to107 || Geography - an integrated approah. David Waugh. Pages 170 to 175 Changing Environments. Digby pages 144 to 158 Changing Environments. Digby pages 118 to 123 ||
 * Discuss the conflicts that arise from competing land uses and from attempts to manage coastal hazards (tsunamis and storm surges, erosion, cliff failure), pollution, habitat restoration and aquaculture. || Planet Geography . Codrington pages 218 to 225, 226 to 247
 * Describe the conflicting pressures on a particular coastline.

Discuss the management strategies adopted to resolve these pressures and evaluate their effectiveness. || Landform Systems, Bishop and Prosser Pages 112 to 129 Changing Environments. Digby pages 96 to 117 ||
 * =====**6. Coral reefs and mangroves**===== ||
 * Examine the development and the environmental and economic value of coral reefs and mangrove swamps.

Analyse the causes and consequences of the loss of coral reefs and mangrove swamps.
 * 4 hours ** || Geography - an integrated approah. David Waugh. Page 526

Changing Environments. Digby. Pages 135 to 143 ||